Abstract
Macroeconomic stability has long been considered a foundation for sustainable development, and in parallel, public health outcomes determine the resilience and productivity of populations. In low-income countries, the intersection between economic governance and health indicators has drawn increasing attention over the past two decades. Although growth trajectories differ widely, shared structural constraints such as limited fiscal capacity, debt dependence, and vulnerability to external shocks have shaped both economic policy options and health outcomes. The abstract of this study presents an overview of the complex relationships connecting macroeconomic management and population well-being, particularly in contexts where health systems are underdeveloped and financial resources scarce. This paper investigates how fiscal policies, monetary frameworks, and external financing interact with demographic transitions, disease burdens, and access to essential services. The analysis integrates quantitative models that demonstrate how variations in inflation targeting, fiscal deficits, and foreign aid allocations can influence healthcare expenditure, nutritional access, and morbidity rates. Linear algebraic formulations are applied to capture the interdependence between policy instruments and health outcomes, emphasizing the multidimensionality of the system. The research reveals both direct and indirect linkages, with public expenditure multipliers showing non-linear effects on health indices when constrained by debt servicing obligations. Moreover, structural adjustments and international lending frameworks have exerted significant pressure on fiscal space, often leading to trade-offs between macroeconomic discipline and social investment.